Interview Insights:
Rail Analysis: Could you provide an update on the current status of the multiple metro lines you are developing in Mumbai?
Dr. Sanjay Mukherjee: Metro lines in Mumbai, which are set to become the backbone of connectivity for the Mumbai Metropolitan Region (MMR). We are currently developing 14 Metro lines spanning a total of 337.1 kilometres, ensuring extensive connectivity across the city.
Some lines are already operational, others are under construction, and a few are still in the tendering process. To begin with, we have the operational lines:
- Line 1, the Versova-Andheri-Ghatkopar Line, is 11.4 kilometres long and has been operational since June 8, 2014.
- Line 2A, the Dahisar (E)-D.N. Nagar Line (18.6 km), and Line 7, the Andheri (E)-Dahisar (E) Line (16.5 km), are fully operational. Phase I has been operational since April 2, 2022, and Phase II since January 19, 2023.
Next, we have eight Metro lines currently under construction, totaling 165.7 kilometres:
- Line 2B, D. N. Nagar-Mandale (23.6 km): Track work and architectural finishes works are progressing in stretch of Mandale to Chembur, with 70.7% of civil work completed. Depot works at Mandale are in advanced stage of completion.
- Line 4, Wadala-Kasarvadavali (32.3 km): 70.13% of civil work is completed, and architectural finishes works for 2 packages and track installation works for 17 kilometres are underway. Contractor has been appointed for Mogharpada Depot Civil work.
- Line 4A, Kasarvadavali-Gaimukh (2.7 km): 74.58% of civil work is completed.
- Line 5, Thane-Bhiwandi-Kalyan (24.9 km): Phase I (Thane-Bhiwandi) has 89.9% of civil work completed. Civil and Track installation works for Phase I are in progress. Civil work for Kasheli Depot awarded.
- Line 6, Swami Samarthnagar-Vikhroli (14.5 km): 75.7% of civil work is completed, with ongoing depot construction at Kanjurmarg.
- Line 9 & 7A, Dahisar (E)-Mira Bhayander & Andheri (E)-CSMIA (13.5 km): Line 9 is 86.4% completed, and Line 7A is 37% completed.
- Line 12, Kalyan-Taloja (20.7 km): Civil work has commenced.
- Line 3, Colaba-Bandra-Seepz (33.5 km): This extensive line is under construction by MMRCL.
Two Metro lines are currently in the tendering process:
- Line 10, Gaimukh-Shivaji Chowk (Mira Road) (9.2 km): The alignment and technical feasibility are being evaluated.
- Line 11, Wadala-CSMT (12.7 km): This project has been handed over to MMRCL. Additionally, we are preparing the Detailed Project Reports (DPRs) for three more Metro lines, totalling 103 kilometers.
- Line 8, Airport Road (CSMIA-NMIA) (35 km): The DPR will be prepared by CIDCO, with implementation based on a PPP model.
- Line 13, Shivaji Chowk (Mira Road)-Virar (23 km): The DPR is being finalized.
- Line 14, Kanjurmarg-Badlapur (45 km): The draft DPR has been received from Milan Metro.
These developments reflect our commitment to enhancing the transportation infrastructure in Mumbai, ensuring seamless connectivity and supporting the city’s growth and development.
Rail Analysis: What are the significant risks involved in constructing new metro lines like Line 4 and Line 5, and how does MMRDA mitigate these risks?
Dr. Sanjay Mukherjee: The construction of new metro lines, such as Line 4 and Line 5, indeed involves several significant risks, each requiring careful mitigation strategies. Here’s how we at MMRDA address these challenges:
Land Acquisition and Resettlement Issues: One of the foremost challenges we face is disputes and delays in land acquisition and resettlement for affected residents. This can impact the overall timeline and cost of the project. For instance, specific land mentions for Line 4 & 4A include the Godrej Land (Viaduct – 290 Rmt and Laxmi Nagar Station), the land for the Depot at Mogharpada in Thane, and land acquisition for the station’s entry-exit structures. For Line 5, the challenges involve the ROW at Kapurbawadi Junction and the land for the Depot at Kasheli. To mitigate these risks, we conduct thorough land surveys, engage with stakeholders early in the process, follow legal procedures for land acquisition, offer fair compensation, and implement resettlement and rehabilitation plans as per guidelines.
Technical Challenges: We encounter various technical challenges, such as procurement issues, complex geological conditions, underground utilities, traffic management, transportation of precast elements, and water ingress, among others. To overcome these, MMRDA conducts detailed site investigations, geotechnical studies, and feasibility assessments. We employ experienced engineers, use advanced construction techniques, and implement stringent quality control measures.
Financial Risks: Funding shortages, cost overruns, and economic uncertainties are significant risks that can impact the viability and completion of our projects. To mitigate these, we prepare comprehensive project budgets, conduct financial feasibility studies, secure funding from government sources, explore public-private partnerships (PPP), and closely monitor project costs and expenditures to ensure economic sustainability.
Regulatory and Approval Delays: Delays in obtaining regulatory approvals, permits, environmental clearances, or other statutory requirements can alter project schedules. To address these, MMRDA proactively engages with regulatory authorities, promptly submits required documentation, addresses environmental concerns with appropriate mitigation measures, and diligently follows legal and regulatory processes.
Construction-related Risks: Labor disputes, safety hazards, supply chain disruptions, and quality issues can impact the progress of our projects. Notably, labour shortages due to COVID-19 posed a significant challenge. To manage these risks, MMRDA prioritizes implementing Safety, Health, and Environmental (SHE) protocols, conducts regular SHE audits and inspections, provides appropriate training to workers, ensures compliance with building codes and standards, and closely monitors construction activities.
By adopting these comprehensive strategies, we aim to mitigate the risks involved in constructing new metro lines, ensuring timely and successful project completion.
Rail Analysis: What benefits will Metro Line 9 bring to commuters, especially in terms of connectivity with major transport lines and reduced travel times?
Dr. Sanjay Mukherjee: Metro Line 9, the northern extension of the operational Metro Line 7 (Andheri (E) to Dahisar (E)), will connect to Mira Bhayander and bring significant benefits to commuters. This 10.5 km long line will not only reduce travel times but also enhance connectivity to various employment hubs and key areas.
Integrating with Existing Lines: Metro Line 9 is the extension of Metro Line 7 which integrate with Metro Line 2A & Line 10. These integrations will facilitate easy transfers between different modes of transport, enabling seamless connectivity across the city.
Improved Connectivity to Employment Hubs: Line 9 will improve access to major employment hubs in Mumbai. As it connects with other transport lines and passes through key areas, it will make commuting to work more convenient, thereby promoting economic activity and productivity. Additionally, the implementation of Multi-Modal Integration (MMI) at stations will ensure last-mile connectivity.
Reduced Travel Time: Metro Line 9 will offer a faster and more efficient mode of transportation compared to road travel. Commuters traveling along Line 9’s route can expect a significant reduction in travel times, especially during peak hours when road congestion is high.
Access to Key Areas: Line 9 will pass through important commercial centers, educational institutions, and residential neighborhoods. This enhanced accessibility will provide commuters with convenient access to essential destinations, eliminating the hassles of longer travel times and multiple transfers.
Reliable Service: Metro systems are known for their reliability in terms of schedules and frequency. Line 9 will offer commuters a dependable transport option, ensuring they can reach their destinations on time without worrying about traffic delays or other uncertainties.
Environmental Benefits: By encouraging more people to use public transport, Metro Line 9 will help reduce individual vehicle usage and associated emissions. This will benefit the environment and public health by lowering pollution levels and road congestion.
In summary, Metro Line 9 will bring substantial benefits to commuters, including improved connectivity, reduced travel times, enhanced access to key areas, reliable service, and positive environmental impacts.
Rail Analysis: What are some notable technologies initiated by MMRDA to enhance transportation infrastructure within Mumbai Metropolitan Region?
Dr. Sanjay Mukherjee: That’s a good question. There are multiple ways MMRDA has initiated technology usage to pace with the digitization taking place in India and across the globe. From using Automatic Train Control to Platform Screen Door to using Energy-Efficient Systems we have used modern tools and technologies to up our game in every step we can.
Briefly explaining the different technological advancements, first I would want to speak on ‘Automatic Train Control (ATC)’. MMRDA has implemented ATC systems, ensuring precise control and management of train operations. ATC enhances safety, reduces human error, and optimizes train scheduling and efficiency. Then we use CBTC technology.
‘Communication-Based Train Control’, is being used which facilitates real-time communication between trains and the Control Center. It brings forth more accurate train positioning, improved headways (time travel between trains), and better overall system performance.
Then we have ‘Platform Screen Door’. MMRDA has incorporated PSDs at Metro stations. These doors enhance passenger’s safety by creating a barrier between the platform and the tracks. This will prevent accidental falls or intrusion onto the tracks.
We use ‘Energy-Efficient Systems’ and technologies that minimize power consumption and environmental impact. This will include energy-efficient lighting, regenerative braking systems, and eco-friendly construction practices.
Next, we have ‘Smart Ticketing and Fare Collection’ systems. MMRDA has introduced this along with the National Common Mobility Card (NCMC) which allows passengers to use contactless payment methods, smart cards, and mobile apps for ticketing and fare payment. Such mechanisms enhance passenger convenience and reduce queuing times at ticket counters.
Again for passenger convenience, we have implemented ‘Real-Time Passenger Information’. There are information display systems and announcements at stations and onboard trains to provide real-time updates to passengers regarding train schedules and other relevant information. This is bound to improve overall passenger experience and satisfaction.
Last, I would like to talk about ‘Accessibility Features’. Ramps, elevators, tactile paving, and designated spaces for passengers with disabilities or reduced mobility features are in place. This will ensure inclusivity and easy access for all commuters.
Rail Analysis: Looking ahead, what is your vision for the transformation of the Mumbai Metropolitan Region in the next 10 years?
Dr. Sanjay Mukherjee: I am pleased to share our vision for the transformation of the Mumbai Metropolitan Region (MMR) over the next decade.
Our primary goal is to ensure sustainable and inclusive growth within the region. The Special Planning Authority (SPA) initiatives will continue to drive economic development, infrastructure enhancement, and improved quality of life for residents.
By focusing on balanced regional development, we aim to create new economic hubs and residential zones that will reduce congestion in the core city areas and provide ample opportunities for employment and living spaces.
One of our key focus areas is the expansion and integration of the Metro network. We envision a comprehensive and seamless public transportation system that will connect every corner of MMR, significantly reducing travel time and improving accessibility. With several Metro lines already operational and many more under construction, our target is to have an extensive network that covers over 300 kilometers. This will not only ease traffic congestion but also contribute to a reduction in carbon emissions, aligning with our commitment to environmental sustainability.
In addition to the Metro, we are also working on enhancing other modes of transportation, including the Monorail and bus rapid transit systems. Our aim is to create an interconnected, multi-modal transport network that provides efficient and convenient travel options for all residents.
Furthermore, our vision includes the development of smart cities and technology-driven infrastructure. By leveraging advancements in technology, we plan to implement smart solutions for traffic management, waste management, and public services. This will make the Mumbai Metropolitan Region a model of urban innovation and sustainability.
We are also committed to fostering economic growth through the development of industrial and commercial zones. By creating business-friendly environments, we aim to attract investments and generate employment opportunities. Our focus will be on sectors such as information technology, finance, manufacturing, and logistics, which will drive the region’s economic progress.
In summary, our vision for the Mumbai Metropolitan Region over the next 10 years is one of comprehensive development, characterized by a robust transportation network, smart infrastructure, sustainable growth, and economic prosperity. We are dedicated to transforming MMR into a global metropolis that offers a high quality of life for all its residents.
Images source: MMRDA
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